Civil engineering
Civil engineering is a
professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction,
and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including
public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage system,
pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways
Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of Sub-disciplines. It is considered the second oldest engineering discipline after military engineering and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering can take place in the public sector from municipal public works department through the federal government agencies, and in the private sector from locally based firms to global fortune 500 companies
History
Civil engineering as a discipline.
Civil engineering is the applications of physical and scientific for solving the problems of society, and its history is intricately linked to advances in the understanding of physics and mathematics throughout history. Because civil engineering is a broad profession, including several specialized Sub-disciplines. Its history is linked to knowledge of structures, materials science, geography, geology soils, hydrology, environmental, science, mechanics, project management, and other fields, throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stonemasons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder Knowledge was retained is guilds and seldom supplanted by advances, structures, roads and infrastructure that existed were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. One of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to physical and mathematical problems applicable to civil engineering is the work of Archimedes in the 3rd century BC, Including Archimedes Principle, which underpins our understanding of buoyancy, and practical solutions such as Archimedes screw. Brahmagupta an in Indian mathematician, used arithmetic in the 7th century AD, based on Hindu-Arabic numerals for excavation (volume) computations…
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